Beijing’s ‘common prosperity’ push shows how its China model is taking shape
- Together with other recent changes, the future of a socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics is emerging
- Tight state control of successful private firms, recycling more wealth back into society and limits on content creation all appear to be here to stay
Chinese prosperity is first and foremost an East Asian phenomenon. Japan, South Korea and now China demonstrate that East Asians are capable of reaching Western levels of productivity. The economic model is of secondary importance.
China’s current per capita income is a quarter to a third of leading Western countries’. The difference is the tailwind. The Chinese government can make many mistakes without derailing the growth trend.
The way to do it is to control thought, either by burning books or enticing the best and brightest to memorise the right things for exams to become mandarins. In the modern context, it means capital cannot play a significant role in education or the media.
The second part is the central role of political authority in all aspects of economic life. Big private businesses are a new element in Chinese society that could become alternative power centres, derailing the traditional Chinese hierarchy.
The market part comes naturally to Chinese culture, and resource optimisation has always been part of Chinese civilisation. When people have opportunities, they will make the most of them.
China’s trade with the West lasted until world wars and turmoil made production too costly. China’s trade surplus with the West now is really a restoration of the norm.
What is China’s common-prosperity strategy that dates back to the 1950s?
The government’s monetary and fiscal policy and political processes behind access to credit have powered the distribution of property. Those with access to credit could store up land early to accumulate great wealth.
The socialist bit of the Chinese model is in focus because of the policy momentum for the third round of distribution. The suspicion that great wealth has been acquired through mandarin-merchant collusion – the age-old Chinese business model – makes it popular.
In the imperial era, China was quite egalitarian. Otherwise, it could not have fed hundreds of millions on so little land. Great wealth was mostly acquired by the mandarin class through corruption. A new emperor would sometimes cut off the heads of some mandarins who got very rich under his father’s reign.
Hence, taking that wealth away has few consequences in terms of efficiency. Donations, the modern equivalent of cutting off heads at the wet market at the crack of dawn, seem like a reasonable compromise.
The China model appears to have these key elements: state capital occupies strategic heights; private capital takes the competitive bits; successful big private companies become subject to tight state control; the small enterprises that employ most people are left alone; great wealth is recycled back into society; and, nobody touches the business of thought control but the government.
For better or worse, this is the future.
Andy Xie is an independent economist