White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders, who discussed the incident with members of the White House Correspondents’ Association executive board, declined to answer questions about the matter.

Bouaou was said by those who know her to have recently secured a White House “hard pass” from the Secret Service allowing her daily access to the press briefing room and other events.

Another White House official said the matter had been “dealt with”.

The incident violated protocol for journalists covering the White House, and it marked at least the second time an Epoch Times journalist has disrupted a White House event.

In 2006, an Epoch Times reporter who had obtained a press credential to cover the arrival of China’s then-president, Hu Jintao, on the South Lawn for a visit with US President George W. Bush, shouted at Bush in English to stop Hu “from killing” and “persecuting the Falun Gong”.

Falun Gong is a spiritual group outlawed by the Chinese Communist Party. It has accused the Chinese government of harvesting organs from executed political prisoners.

“Your time is over,” the reporter, Wenyi Wang, shouted at Hu in Mandarin. “Evil people will die early.” The news organisation announced following the incident that it had parted ways with Wang.

The Epoch Times was founded in New York in 2000 by a group of Chinese Americans in an effort to counter Chinese government propaganda.

The newspaper bills itself as the largest news outlet aimed at the Chinese community outside mainland China and the self-ruled island of Taiwan, with versions in 23 languages and a reach of more than one million readers.

The outlet has long denied having direct ties to the Falun Gong, but experts said the paper is sympathetic to the movement and has reflected the Falun Gong’s political positions in its critical coverage of the Chinese government.

Ming Xia, a political-science professor at the Graduate Centre at the City University of New York, said The Epoch Times has a staff made up largely of part-time employees and volunteers who also maintain other jobs.

“They support the Falun Gong because they are Falun Gong practitioners,” Xia said. “It’s a way to accumulate their merit. They are not professional journalists and they do not follow the protocols professional journalists abide by. That’s how they can be very pushy and aggressive.”

After the spiritual group organised a series of mass demonstrations that challenged Beijing’s authority in the late 1990s, China outlawed the movement, calling it a harmful cult, and waged a massive crackdown against its membership, said to number in the millions.

In the decades since, China’s Communist leaders have continued to regard the Falun Gong as a national security threat – while the group, driven underground and overseas, continues to be a constant thorn in Beijing’s side.

The Epoch Times, which is blocked inside China, regularly publishes critical stories and gossip about the Communist Party’s senior leadership, particularly former president Jiang Zemin.

Falun Gong followers have regularly distributed fliers outside Chinese embassies worldwide and staged publicity stunts meant to draw attention to their cause and embarrass Chinese officials.

One former Obama administration official who worked on Asia policy recalled in an interview on Monday that the Epoch Times has a reputation of being “more activists than journalists”.

Xia said the Falun Gong is eager to win political recognition from high-level US officials and aims to exploit the Trump administration’s increasingly hardline stance against China on trade and other issues.

Bouaou, whose Instagram account features photos purportedly taken by her at other White House events, congressional hearings and Trump’s summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Helsinki in July, could not be reached for comment. She did not reply to two messages sent to her Facebook account.

Editors at The Epoch Times did not respond to several requests for comment, including emails and telephone calls. A Washington Post reporter visited the Epoch Times office in Washington but was turned away by staffers who said the publisher, Stephen Gregory, was not there.

In past media interviews, Gregory has said the news outlet is not affiliated with the Falun Gong.

One Associated Press photograph distributed on the wire service shows Bouaou, a camera hanging from her shoulder, holding the folder as Trump approaches.

Other photographers next to her have their cameras up and are taking photographs of the president.

Several news photographers said they were angered by Bouaou’s lack of professionalism, but they also said privately that they feared if the matter were made public it could prompt the White House to further restrict access for the news photographers.

As for Bouaou, other photographers said they have not seen her at the White House since the incident.