“When one club like Manchester City is 25 years without being in Europe, you don’t have history,” the City manager said.

“History means when you face the big teams, you have the consistency to fight face-to-face.

“We don’t play against Barca, we play against us; against our tradition and what we have to do.”

Barcelona briefly threatened to run riot after Messi’s goal, only for Sergi Roberto’s overhit pass to allow Raheem Sterling to tee up Gundogan for a 39th-minute equaliser.

De Bruyne’s free-kick early in the second half put City ahead and with Barcelona unable to handle the intensity of their pressing, they struck again through Gundogan to seal victory in the 74th minute.

While Guardiola was thrilled by his side’s victory, which left them two points below leaders Barcelona in Group C, he said their guerilla tactics were not suited to long-term success.

“The [first] 38 minutes [shows] we cannot compete with the best teams in the world,” he said.

“This club was 25, 30 years out of Europe. These kind of clubs – Barcelona, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and so on – are playing every year. They were at home.

“You need time. I know people don’t have time. I think the club gives us time. But maybe today is a good step to say once in our lives we play against the best team and we compete against them.

“Maybe in a different way. We play more long balls. Because still now we are not ready to keep the ball.

“We are not ready. Because they are 25 years playing that way, we are three or four months. Sometimes we have to compete a little bit in a different way.

“Of course now they realise, ‘Wow, we [beat] the best team,’ so we are able to do that.

“For future generations, they’re going to realise, ‘Wow, these guys were able to beat the best team and we have to do it again.’”

The win, City’s first against Barcelona after five straight defeats, means they can secure a place in the last 16 with victory at Borussia Moenchengladbach in their penultimate game.

“Our victory today is so important and of course now we have one more game to win to go in February,” Guardiola said.

“The fact Gladbach have drawn [against Celtic] gives us some breathing space. We are lucky that if we get through, we will not get Barca in the next round.”

Beaten manager Luis Enrique, Guardiola’s former Barcelona team-mate, was unable to explain his team’s capitulation after what he said was “one of the best 40 minutes we have played”.

“I’ve not got an explanation. I don’t know if you believe me. There’s no explanation for this,” said the Spaniard, who led Barca to their fifth European crown in 2015.

“This is a game where factors change things. Sometimes it’s not tactical.”

Barcelona were missing first-team players Gerard Pique, Jordi Alba and captain Andres Iniesta, among others, but Luis Enrique said their absences had not been a factor.

On his team’s mistakes, he said: “They’re normal things that happen in the game. When you play so well for the first 40 minutes, if after things don’t go to plan, it’s a strange feeling.

“But [City] played very well, pressured aggressively and provoked more errors from us than we did from them.”

Guardiola signalled his attacking intent by restoring Sergio Aguero to his starting XI, having left the Argentina striker on the bench for the reverse fixture two weeks ago.

The home side should have been awarded a penalty in the 11th minute after Sterling appeared to be tripped by Samuel Umtiti, but instead referee Viktor Kassai booked the England forward for diving.

Sterling was incensed and there was worse to come 10 minutes later as Barca took the lead in devastating style with a move that began with a block from Javier Mascherano inside his own area.

Messi, 15 yards outside the box, sprayed a pass wide to Neymar on the left and the Brazilian drove downfield before squaring to Messi, who neatly tucked away his 90th Champions League goal.

Gundogan fired a shot down Marc-Andre ter Stegen’s throat at the other end, but for a brief moment it looked like City were on the verge of being swamped as Neymar, Andre Gomes and Luis Suarez threatened.

City, though, refused to be deterred and their committed pressing game paid off in the 39th minute.

Sergi Roberto’s overhit square pass from Barca’s right was intercepted by Aguero, who played in Sterling, and he brilliantly rolled the ball across the box to give Germany midfielder Gundogan an easy tap-in.

City’s tails were up and they almost went ahead two minutes later when Fernandinho’s mishit shot eluded the lurking Aguero by inches.

The onslaught continued after the break, Sterling fluffing a chance with a heavy first touch and Aguero lashing wide, before Guardiola’s men took the lead in the 51st minute.

Sergio Busquets’s foul on David Silva presented City with a shooting opportunity 22 yards from goal and slightly to the left of centre.

De Bruyne administered the sentence, stroking the ball into the top-right corner past the wrong-footed Ter Stegen.

Now it was Barca who were rocking, De Bruyne’s free-kick just eluding Nicolas Otamendi, Aguero heading Silva’s cross wide and Aleksandar Kolarov narrowly failing to pick out the stretching De Bruyne.

Back came the visitors, Gomes rattling the bar after John Stones’s overzealous tackle sent the ball into Suarez’s path, but after De Bruyne had curled a shot a fraction wide, City struck again.

De Bruyne was the architect, his exquisite pass inside the full-back finding substitute Jesus Navas, whose cross struck Aguero and fell kindly for Gundogan to kill Barca off for good.